A key signature goes after a clef, but before a time signature. Example 7 shows a key signature, after a bass clef but before a time signature: Example 7. You can remember this order because it is alphabetical: clef, key, time. Key SignaturesĪ key signature, consisting of either sharps or flats, appears at the beginning of a composition, after a clef but before a time signature. It is a common misconception that the subdominant is so named because it is a second below the dominant, but this is not true, as demonstrated in Example 6. Likewise, the dominant is a fifth above the tonic, while the subdominant is a fifth below the tonic. The Latin prefix “sub” means below therefore, the mediant is a third above the tonic, while the submediant is a third below the tonic. The leading tone is a half-step (a second) below the tonic it is often thought of as “leading” towards the tonic. The Latin prefix “super” means above, so the supertonic is a second above the tonic. This example shows how the names of the scale degrees derived. In Example 6, the numbers and arrows above the staff indicate generic intervals above and below the tonic.
The notes of the A♭ major scale have been rearranged. Example 6 shows the notes of the A♭ major scale out of order, with scale-degree names: Example 6. An A♭ major scale with scale-degree names.Įxample 5 shows the notes of the A ♭ major scale in order. Scale degree, solfège, and scale-degree names.Įxample 5 shows these scale-degree names applied to an A♭ major scale:Įxample 5. The first note of a major scale is called the tonic the second note, the supertonic, followed by the mediant, subdominant, dominant, submediant, leading tone, and tonic:Įxample 4. The scale degrees are \hat) is always the pitch class C.Įach note of a major scale is also named with scale-degree names.
Scale degrees are solmization syllables notated by Arabic numerals with carets (angled brackets) above them.Be sure to include any accidentals that apply to this note in its name. Major scales are named for their first note, which is also their last note.A major scale is an ordered collection of half- and whole-steps with the ascending succession W-W-H-W-W-W-H.
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